分布式光伏發電作為一種貼近用戶側的能源利用形式，正逐漸融入城市與鄉村的能源體系。它依托分散的太陽能資源，通過在建筑物屋頂、空地等場所布設光伏組件，實現電能的就地生產與消納，其特點既體現在能源利用的革新上，也反映在對傳統電力系統的補充與優化中。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power generation, as a form of energy utilization that is close to the user side, is gradually integrating into the energy systems of cities and rural areas. It relies on dispersed solar energy resources and achieves on-site production and consumption of electricity by deploying photovoltaic modules on building roofs, open spaces, and other places. Its characteristics are reflected not only in the innovation of energy utilization, but also in the supplementation and optimization of traditional power systems.

　　能源利用的清潔性是分布式光伏發電最顯著的特點之一。整個發電過程無需燃燒燃料，僅通過光伏組件將太陽光能直接轉化為電能，不會產生二氧化碳、二氧化硫等污染物，也不存在廢水、廢渣的排放。這與傳統火力發電相比，從源頭上減少了對環境的影響，尤其在注重生態保護的區域，能有效降低當地的碳排放壓力，助力綠色發展目標的實現。同時，太陽能作為可再生能源，取之不盡且分布廣泛，避免了對煤炭、石油等有限資源的依賴，為能源結構轉型提供了可持續的路徑。

　　The cleanliness of energy utilization is one of the most significant characteristics of distributed photovoltaic power generation. The entire power generation process does not require the combustion of fuel, and only converts solar energy directly into electrical energy through photovoltaic modules. It does not produce pollutants such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, and there is no discharge of wastewater or waste residue. Compared with traditional thermal power generation, this reduces the impact on the environment from the source, especially in areas that focus on ecological protection, which can effectively reduce local carbon emission pressure and help achieve green development goals. Meanwhile, as a renewable energy source, solar energy is inexhaustible and widely distributed, avoiding dependence on limited resources such as coal and oil, and providing a sustainable path for energy structure transformation.

　　發電與用電的就近性極大提升了能源利用效率。分布式光伏系統通常安裝在用電負荷附近，如工廠廠房頂部、居民屋頂等，所發電力優先滿足本地用戶需求，減少了電能通過遠距離輸電線路傳輸時的損耗。傳統集中式發電需要龐大的輸電網絡將電力從發電站輸送到各地，過程中約有 5%-10% 的電能因線路電阻等因素損失，而分布式發電通過 “就地生產、就地消費” 的模式，將這部分損耗降至最低，間接提高了能源的整體利用效率。對于用電負荷穩定的企業來說，這種模式還能降低對電網電力的依賴，減少電費支出。

　　The proximity of power generation and consumption greatly improves energy utilization efficiency. Distributed photovoltaic systems are usually installed near electrical loads, such as factory roofs, residential rooftops, etc. The generated electricity prioritizes meeting the needs of local users, reducing losses when electricity is transmitted through long-distance transmission lines. Traditional centralized power generation requires a large transmission network to transport electricity from power plants to various places, and about 5% -10% of the electricity is lost due to factors such as line resistance during the process. Distributed power generation, on the other hand, minimizes this loss through the "on-site production and consumption" model, indirectly improving the overall energy utilization efficiency. For enterprises with stable electricity loads, this model can also reduce their dependence on grid electricity and lower their electricity bills.

　　安裝的靈活性與適應性較強是分布式光伏的另一大優勢。其組件可根據場地條件靈活布置，無論是平面屋頂、傾斜面還是閑置空地，都能找到合適的安裝方式。系統規模可大可小，小到幾千瓦的家庭光伏板，大到幾十兆瓦的工商業光伏電站，能根據實際用電需求和場地面積進行定制。這種靈活性使其不僅適用于城市中的工商業建筑，也能在農村地區推廣應用，例如在農業大棚頂部安裝光伏組件，實現 “農光互補”，既不影響農作物種植，又能產生電能，提高土地的綜合利用效益。此外，分布式光伏系統的建設周期相對較短，從組件安裝到并網發電通常只需數周時間，能快速形成發電能力。

　　The flexibility and adaptability of installation are another major advantage of distributed photovoltaics. Its components can be flexibly arranged according to the site conditions, and suitable installation methods can be found for flat roofs, sloping surfaces, or idle spaces. The system scale can be large or small, ranging from a few kilowatts of household photovoltaic panels to several tens of megawatts of industrial and commercial photovoltaic power stations, and can be customized according to actual electricity demand and site area. This flexibility makes it not only suitable for industrial and commercial buildings in cities, but also for promotion and application in rural areas, such as installing photovoltaic modules on the top of agricultural greenhouses to achieve "agricultural photovoltaic complementarity", which not only does not affect crop planting, but also generates electricity and improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of land. In addition, the construction period of distributed photovoltaic systems is relatively short, and it usually only takes a few weeks from component installation to grid connected power generation, which can quickly form power generation capacity.

　　不過，分布式光伏發電也受自然條件影響較明顯，發電量會隨日照強度、天氣狀況和季節變化而波動，存在一定的不穩定性。這就需要通過與電網協調、配置儲能設備等方式進行調節，以保障電力輸出的平穩性。

　　However, distributed photovoltaic power generation is also significantly affected by natural conditions, and the power generation will fluctuate with the intensity of sunlight, weather conditions, and seasonal changes, resulting in a certain degree of instability. This requires adjustment through coordination with the power grid and configuration of energy storage devices to ensure the stability of power output.

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