光伏發(fā)電的集中式與分布式主要有以下區(qū)別：

　　The main differences between centralized and distributed photovoltaic power generation are as follows:

　　安裝位置 ：

　　Installation location:

　　分布式光伏電站通常安裝在建筑物屋頂、墻面、停車(chē)場(chǎng)頂棚等分散位置。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power stations are usually installed in scattered locations such as building roofs, walls, and parking lot ceilings.

　　集中式光伏電站則建設(shè)在大型太陽(yáng)能電站中，集中在特定地區(qū)如沙漠、山地等。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations are built in large solar power stations, concentrated in specific areas such as deserts, mountains, etc.

　　電壓等級(jí) ：

　　Voltage level:

　　分布式光伏電站一般采用較低電壓（如380V）并網(wǎng)。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power plants generally use lower voltage (such as 380V) for grid connection.

　　集中式光伏電站可能使用較高電壓（如35KV或110KV）并網(wǎng)。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations may use higher voltages (such as 35KV or 110KV) for grid connection.

　　輸送距離 ：

　　Conveying distance:

　　分布式光伏電站發(fā)電后通常就地并網(wǎng)，線路損耗低。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power plants are usually connected to the grid on-site after power generation, with low line losses.

　　集中式光伏電站需要進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)距離輸電。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations require long-distance power transmission.

　　電站規(guī)模 ：

　　Scale of power station:

　　分布式光伏電站規(guī)模較小，適用于小型商業(yè)和個(gè)人居民使用。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power stations have a small scale and are suitable for small commercial and individual residential use.

　　集中式光伏電站規(guī)模較大，常見(jiàn)于大型太陽(yáng)能開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations have a large scale and are commonly used in large-scale solar energy development projects.

　　建設(shè)成本 ：

　　Construction cost:

　　分布式光伏電站經(jīng)濟(jì)性較高，業(yè)主可以自行投資或與第三方合作建設(shè)。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power stations have high economic efficiency, and owners can invest or cooperate with third parties to construct them.

　　集中式光伏電站建設(shè)成本較高，且受地理環(huán)境和場(chǎng)地限制。

　　The construction cost of centralized photovoltaic power stations is relatively high and is limited by geographical environment and site constraints.

　　發(fā)電量 ：

　　Power generation:

　　分布式光伏電站發(fā)電量相對(duì)較低，但可以為單個(gè)建筑物提供電力。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power plants have relatively low power generation, but can provide electricity for individual buildings.

　　集中式光伏電站發(fā)電量較高，可以為更多用戶(hù)提供電力。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations have a high power generation capacity and can provide electricity to more users.

　　運(yùn)維難度 ：

　　Operation and maintenance difficulty:

　　分布式光伏電站因設(shè)備分散，運(yùn)維難度較大。

　　Distributed photovoltaic power stations are difficult to operate and maintain due to scattered equipment.

　　集中式光伏電站可以統(tǒng)一管理和監(jiān)測(cè)，運(yùn)維難度較低。

　　Centralized photovoltaic power stations can be managed and monitored uniformly, with low difficulty in operation and maintenance.

　　適用范圍 ：

　　Scope of application:

　　分布式光伏適用于城市、工業(yè)園區(qū)等用電需求大的區(qū)域。

　　Distributed photovoltaics are suitable for areas with high electricity demand such as cities and industrial parks.

　　集中式光伏適用于光照資源豐富且土地資源相對(duì)充裕的地區(qū)。

　　Centralized photovoltaics are suitable for areas with abundant light resources and relatively abundant land resources.

　　環(huán)境影響 ：

　　Environmental impact:

　　分布式光伏對(duì)土地資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響較小。

　　Distributed photovoltaics have a relatively small impact on land resources and ecological environment.

　　集中式光伏可能需要占用較大面積的土地，對(duì)環(huán)境有一定影響。

　　Centralized photovoltaics may require a large area of land and have a certain impact on the environment.

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)性與投資門(mén)檻 ：

　　Economic viability and investment threshold:

　　分布式光伏投資門(mén)檻較低，適合小規(guī)模投資。

　　The investment threshold for distributed photovoltaics is relatively low, making it suitable for small-scale investments.

　　集中式光伏投資成本較高，但發(fā)電效益也相對(duì)較高。

　　The investment cost of centralized photovoltaics is relatively high, but the power generation efficiency is also relatively high.

　　這些區(qū)別使得集中式和分布式光伏系統(tǒng)各有優(yōu)劣，適用于不同的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景和需求

　　These differences make centralized and distributed photovoltaic systems have their own advantages and disadvantages, suitable for different application scenarios and needs

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