光伏能源技術的發展

The development of photovoltaic energy technology

　　國內外開展了大量光伏發電關鍵技術的研究，得到了一些新的發展，主要技術發展情況總結如下： [3]

A large amount of research on key technologies of photovoltaic power generation has been carried out both domestically and internationally, and some new developments have been made. The main technological developments are summarized as follows: [3]

　　光伏電池技術

Photovoltaic cell technology

　　光伏電池有晶硅電池、薄膜電池和其他電池。其中，晶硅電池是主流，市場份額超過90%，包括單晶硅電池和多晶硅電池。薄膜電池主要有碲化鎘（CdTe）電池、銅銦鎵硒（CIGS）電池、非晶硅（ASi）薄膜電池、砷化鎵電池和納米二氧化鈦染料敏化電池等，其中，CdTe電池技術發展最快，市場占有率最高。近年來，新型光伏電池技術處于探索開發與創新階段，新出現了鈣鈦礦太陽能電池、量子點太陽能電池等新型電池。鈣鈦礦太陽能電池光電轉化效率已超過20%，有望達到30%。

Photovoltaic cells include crystalline silicon cells, thin film cells, and other types of cells. Among them, crystalline silicon batteries are the mainstream, with a market share of over 90%, including monocrystalline silicon batteries and polycrystalline silicon batteries. Thin film batteries mainly include cadmium telluride (CdTe) batteries, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) batteries, amorphous silicon (ASi) thin film batteries, gallium arsenide batteries, and nano titanium dioxide dye sensitized batteries. Among them, CdTe battery technology develops the fastest and has the highest market share. In recent years, new photovoltaic cell technologies have been in the stage of exploration, development, and innovation, with the emergence of new types of cells such as perovskite solar cells and quantum dot solar cells. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 20% and is expected to reach 30%.

　　最大功率跟蹤點技術

Maximum Power Tracking Point Technology

　　最大功率點跟蹤技術（MPPT）即在環境條件不斷變化的情況下，通過自尋優化的過程，使光伏陣列輸出最大功率，從而提高發電效率。現有的MPPT算法可分為自尋優法和非自尋優法兩大類，自尋優法包括擾動觀測法、電導增量法、恒定電壓法、短路電流法等，而非自尋優法主要是曲線擬合法。

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology refers to the process of self optimization in constantly changing environmental conditions, which enables the photovoltaic array to output maximum power and improve power generation efficiency. The existing MPPT algorithm can be divided into two categories: self optimization method and non self optimization method. Self optimization method includes disturbance observation method, conductivity increment method, constant voltage method, short-circuit current method, etc., while non self optimization method mainly includes curve fitting method.

　　光追蹤增效技術

Light tracking efficiency enhancement technology

　　利用太陽光追蹤裝置可使光伏系統光能利用率大大提高，因此光追蹤增效技術是光伏發電技術發展的重要方向，其中包括光追蹤技術和基于光追蹤技術的光定向反射技術（定日鏡）。光線追蹤技術種類很多，主要有被動跟蹤系統和主動跟蹤系統。

The use of solar tracking devices can greatly improve the utilization of solar energy in photovoltaic systems. Therefore, light tracking efficiency enhancement technology is an important direction for the development of photovoltaic power generation technology, including light tracking technology and light directional reflection technology based on light tracking technology (heliostats). There are many types of ray tracing technologies, mainly passive tracking systems and active tracking systems.

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