光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)

Photovoltaic power generation system

是由太陽(yáng)能電池方陣，蓄電池組，充放電控制器，逆變器，交流配電柜，太陽(yáng)跟蹤控制系統(tǒng)等設(shè)備組成。其部分設(shè)備的作用是：

It is composed of solar cell arrays, battery packs, charge and discharge controllers, inverters, AC distribution cabinets, solar tracking control systems, and other equipment. The functions of some of its equipment are:

太陽(yáng)能

solar energy

在有光照（無(wú)論是太陽(yáng)光，還是其它發(fā)光體產(chǎn)生的光照）情況下，電池吸收光能，電池兩端出現(xiàn)異號(hào)電荷的積累，即產(chǎn)生“光生電壓”，這就是“光生伏特效應(yīng)”。在光生伏打效應(yīng)的作用下，太陽(yáng)能電池的兩端產(chǎn)生電動(dòng)勢(shì)，將光能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能，是能量轉(zhuǎn)換的器件。太陽(yáng)能電池一般為硅電池，分為單晶硅太陽(yáng)能電池，多晶硅太陽(yáng)能電池和非晶硅太陽(yáng)能電池三種。

In the presence of light (whether it is sunlight or light generated by other luminescent materials), the battery absorbs light energy, and the accumulation of heterologous charges occurs at both ends of the battery, resulting in a "photogenerated voltage", which is known as the "photogenerated volt effect". Under the photovoltaic effect, the two ends of a solar cell generate electromotive force, converting light energy into electrical energy, which is a device for energy conversion. Solar cells are generally silicon cells, divided into three types: monocrystalline silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, and amorphous silicon solar cells.

蓄電池組

Battery pack

其作用是貯存太陽(yáng)能電池方陣受光照時(shí)發(fā)出的電能并可隨時(shí)向負(fù)載供電。太陽(yáng)能電池發(fā)電對(duì)所用蓄電池組的基本要求是：a.自放電率低；b.使用壽命長(zhǎng)；c.深放電能力強(qiáng)；d.充電效率高；e.少維護(hù)或免維護(hù)；f.工作溫度范圍寬；g.價(jià)格低廉。

Its function is to store the electrical energy emitted by the solar cell array when exposed to light and provide power to the load at any time. The basic requirements for the battery pack used in solar cell power generation are: a. low self discharge rate; b. Long service life; c. Strong deep discharge capability; d. High charging efficiency; e. Less maintenance or no maintenance; f. Wide working temperature range; g. Low price.

控制設(shè)備

control equipment 

是能自動(dòng)防止蓄電池過(guò)充電和過(guò)放電的設(shè)備。由于蓄電池的循環(huán)充放電次數(shù)及放電深度是決定蓄電池使用壽命的重要因素，因此能控制蓄電池組過(guò)充電或過(guò)放電的充放電控制器是必不可少的設(shè)備。

It is a device that can automatically prevent overcharging and discharging of batteries. Due to the fact that the number of cycles of charging and discharging and the depth of discharge are important factors determining the service life of a battery, a charging and discharging controller that can control overcharging or discharging of the battery pack is an essential equipment.

逆變器是將直流電轉(zhuǎn)換成交流電的設(shè)備。由于太陽(yáng)能電池和蓄電池是直流電源，而負(fù)載是交流負(fù)載時(shí)，逆變器是必不可少的。逆變器按運(yùn)行方式，可分為獨(dú)立運(yùn)行逆變器和并網(wǎng)逆變器。獨(dú)立運(yùn)行逆變器用于獨(dú)立運(yùn)行的太陽(yáng)能電池發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，為獨(dú)立負(fù)載供電。并網(wǎng)逆變器用于并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的太陽(yáng)能電池發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。逆變器按輸出波型可分為方波逆變器和正弦波逆變器。方波逆變器電路簡(jiǎn)單，造價(jià)低，但諧波分量大，一般用于幾百瓦以下和對(duì)諧波要求不高的系統(tǒng)。正弦波逆變器成本高，但可以適用于各種負(fù)載。

An inverter is a device that converts direct current into alternating current. Due to the fact that solar cells and batteries are DC power sources, while loads are AC loads, inverters are essential. Inverters can be divided into independent operating inverters and grid connected inverters according to their operating modes. Independent operating inverters are used for solar cell power generation systems that operate independently and provide power to independent loads. Grid connected inverters are used in solar cell power generation systems for grid connected operation. Inverters can be divided into square wave inverters and sine wave inverters according to their output waveform. The square wave inverter has a simple circuit and low cost, but it has a large harmonic component and is generally used in systems below a few hundred watts and with low requirements for harmonics. Sine wave inverters are expensive, but they can be suitable for various loads.

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