光伏發(fā)電是根據(jù)光生伏打效應原理，利用太陽電池將太陽光能直接轉化為電能。不論是獨立使用還是并網發(fā)電，光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)主要由太陽電池板（組件）、控制器和逆變器三大部分組成，它們主要由電子元器件構成，不涉及機械部件，所以，光伏發(fā)電設備極為精煉，可靠穩(wěn)定壽命長、安裝維護簡便。理論上講，光伏發(fā)電技術可以用于任何需要電源的場合，上至航天器，下至家用電源，大到兆瓦級電站，小到玩具，光伏電源可以無處不在。

Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. Whether used independently or connected to the grid for power generation, photovoltaic power generation systems mainly consist of three parts: solar panels (components), controllers, and inverters. They are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical components. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable, stable, with a long service life and easy installation and maintenance. In theory, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used in any situation that requires power, from spacecraft to household power sources, from megawatt level power plants to toys, photovoltaic power can be ubiquitous.

分類發(fā)電模式

Classified power generation mode

太陽能發(fā)電分光熱發(fā)電和光伏發(fā)電。不論產銷量、發(fā)展速度和發(fā)展前景、光熱發(fā)電都趕不上光伏發(fā)電。可能因光伏發(fā)電普及較廣而接觸光熱發(fā)電較少，通常民間所說的太陽能發(fā)電往往指的就是太陽能光伏發(fā)電，簡稱光電。

Solar power generation is divided into photothermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation. Regardless of production and sales volume, development speed and prospects, solar thermal power generation cannot catch up with photovoltaic power generation. Perhaps due to the widespread popularity of photovoltaic power generation, there is less exposure to photothermal power generation. The term solar power generation commonly referred to by the public refers to solar photovoltaic power generation, abbreviated as photovoltaics.

輸送方式

Transportation method

太陽能光伏發(fā)電分為獨立光伏發(fā)電與并網光伏發(fā)電

Solar photovoltaic power generation is divided into independent photovoltaic power generation and grid connected photovoltaic power generation

獨立光伏發(fā)電

Independent photovoltaic power generation

獨立光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)也叫離網光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。主要由太陽能電池組件、控制器、蓄電池組成，若要為交流負載供電，還需要配置交流逆變器。

Independent photovoltaic power generation systems, also known as off grid photovoltaic power generation systems. It mainly consists of solar cell components, controllers, and batteries. To supply power to AC loads, an AC inverter is also required.

并網光伏發(fā)電

Grid connected photovoltaic power generation

并網光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)就是太陽能組件產生的直流電經過并網逆變器轉換成符合市電電網要求的交流電這后直接接入公共電網。并網光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)有集中式大型并網光伏電站一般都是級電站，主要特點是將所發(fā)電能直接輸送到電網，由電網統(tǒng)一調配向用戶供電。但這種電站投資大、建設周期長、占地面積大，發(fā)展難度相對較大。而分散式小型并網光伏系統(tǒng)，特別是光伏建筑一體化發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，由于投資小、建設快、占地面積小、政策支持力度大等優(yōu)點，是并網光伏發(fā)電的主流。

Grid connected photovoltaic power generation system refers to the direct current generated by solar modules being converted into AC power that meets the requirements of the municipal power grid through grid connected inverters, and then directly connected to the public power grid. Grid connected photovoltaic power generation systems have centralized large-scale grid connected photovoltaic power stations, which are generally national level power stations. The main feature is to directly transmit the generated energy to the grid, which is uniformly distributed by the grid to provide power to users. However, this type of power station has high investment, long construction period, large land area, and relatively high development difficulty. Distributed small-scale grid connected photovoltaic systems, especially photovoltaic building integrated power generation systems, are the mainstream of grid connected photovoltaic power generation due to their advantages such as small investment, fast construction, small footprint, and strong policy support.

理論

theory

光伏發(fā)電是根據(jù)光生伏特效應原理,利用太陽能電池將太陽光能直接轉化為電能。不論是獨立使用還是并網發(fā)電,光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)主要由太陽能電池板（組件）、控制器和逆變器三大部分組成，它們主要由電子元器件構成，不涉及機械部件,所以,光伏發(fā)電設備極為精煉,可靠穩(wěn)定壽命長、安裝維護簡便。理論上講,光伏發(fā)電技術可以用于任何需要電源的場合,上至航天器,下至家用電源,大到兆瓦級電站,小到玩具,光伏電源無處不在。國產晶體硅電池效率在10至13%左右，國外同類產品效率約12至14%。由一個或多個太陽能電池片組成的太陽能電池板稱為光伏組件。

Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electricity. Whether used independently or connected to the grid for power generation, photovoltaic power generation systems mainly consist of three parts: solar panels (components), controllers, and inverters. They are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical components. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable, stable, with a long lifespan and easy installation and maintenance. In theory, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used in any situation that requires power, from spacecraft to household power sources, from megawatt level power plants to toys, photovoltaic power is everywhere. The efficiency of domestically produced crystalline silicon batteries is around 10% to 13%, while the efficiency of similar foreign products is about 12% to 14%. A solar panel composed of one or more solar cells is called a photovoltaic module.

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